Back to Space Weather

HF Radio Communications

Monitor high-frequency (HF) radio propagation conditions in real-time. Solar X-ray events can cause D-region absorption, leading to radio blackouts affecting aviation, maritime, and amateur radio communications.

HF Radio Blackout Map

D-Region Absorption Prediction (D-RAP)

Absorption:
None
Minor
Moderate
Strong
Severe

This map shows the D-Region Absorption Prediction (D-RAP), which indicates areas where high-frequency (HF) radio communications may be degraded or completely blacked out due to increased ionization caused by solar X-ray and particle events.

Red and orange areas indicate strong absorption where HF radio signals (3-30 MHz) will be significantly attenuated or completely absorbed, affecting aviation, maritime, and amateur radio communications.

Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center -swpc.noaa.gov

GOES X-Ray Flux

Solar X-Ray activity from GOES satellite

X-Ray Flux Classes
A<10⁻⁷
B10⁻⁷
C10⁻⁶
M10⁻⁵
X>10⁻⁴

M and X class flares can cause HF radio blackouts on the sunlit side of Earth.

Space Weather Alerts

Watches, Warnings & Alerts from NOAA SWPC

No recent alerts
Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center -swpc.noaa.gov/products/alerts-watches-and-warnings

What is D-RAP?

The D-Region Absorption Prediction (D-RAP) model estimates high-frequency (HF) radio signal absorption in the ionosphere's D-layer due to enhanced ionization from solar X-ray and particle events.

When the Sun produces strong X-ray emissions (M or X-class flares), the increased ionization in the D-region absorbs HF radio signals, causing communication blackouts on the sunlit side of Earth.

Frequencies Affected: 3-30 MHz (HF band)

Who is Impacted: Aviation, maritime, amateur radio operators, emergency services, military communications

Radio Blackout Scale

R1

Minor

Weak HF radio degradation on sunlit side

R2

Moderate

Limited HF radio blackout on sunlit side

R3

Strong

Wide area HF radio blackout for ~1 hour

R4

Severe

HF radio blackout on most of sunlit side for 1-2 hours

R5

Extreme

Complete HF radio blackout on entire sunlit side for hours

Data from NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) and GOES satellites